Combustion Analysis

Effectively Observing Fuel Injection.

Most combustion reactions generate infrared-active gases such as carbon dioxides (CO2) and water vapor as well as known pollutants like carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). On this regard, infrared imaging represents an interesting diagnostic tool as it allows chemical imaging and temperature measurement at the same time. High-speed infrared imaging is useful for characterizing fuel injection, ignition and combustion in internal combustion engines (ICE), gas turbines or jet engines, regarding which lowering fuel consumption and soot generation represents an important research aspect.

Combustion scientist Mark Musculus observes luminous diesel jets in an optical engine. Infrared imaging of jets provide a new and simpler method to measure vapor-fuel penetration, which is critical for designing high-efficiency engines. Photos courtesy of Mark Musculus (Sandia National Lab, Livermore, USA), and video courtesy of CNR Istituto Motori (Italy).

Fire Research

Scientists have developed several theoretical models to better understand and predict various aspects of wildfire behaviour. However, the lack of experimental data from real wildfires renders the validation of the models difficult and thus limits their applicability.

Recently, scientists have been collecting a wide of range of data from large prescribed fires by bringing together different instruments such as fast infrared cameras.

The goal was to collect data on every aspect of the fire at once, in order to improve the models scientists and land managers use to predict the impacts of large fires.

In the image at left: A Telops FAST L200 was used to characterize the spatial and spectral information of Coherent Turbulence Structures of the fire front. Credit : Marwan Katurji, Centre for Atmospheric Research, School of Earth and Environment, University of Canterbury, New Zealand.

Above: A Telops FAST M150 was used to view in infrared a controlled burn in Utah. Even from 3 to 4 km away, the camera reveals the tremendous heat generated and reveals the dynamics of the fire. Credits: Craig Clements of the Fire Weather Research Laboratory, San José State University.